A Clear Look at Ophthalmologists vs Optometrists in Eye Care

Eye conditions such as glaucoma, cataracts and myopia are becoming increasingly common in Singapore. This rise is largely due to an ageing population, longer screen exposure and a growing number of people with diabetes. As more individuals experience changes in their vision, many wonder who they should turn to for help, whether it is an optometrist or an ophthalmologist. It is easy to feel unsure about which specialist to see, especially since their titles sound similar.

Both professionals play essential roles in protecting eye health, but their training, qualifications and areas of expertise differ. Understanding what each one does and when to consult them can help you make confident, informed decisions about your vision care.

What Is an Optometrist?

An optometrist is a healthcare professional who provides primary vision care. In Singapore, optometrists typically hold a degree in optometry and are registered with the Optometrists and Opticians Board under the Ministry of Health. Their training focuses on examining the eyes, detecting common vision problems and prescribing corrective lenses such as spectacles and contact lenses.

Optometrists also play an important role in identifying early signs of conditions like glaucoma, cataracts and macular degeneration. While they do not perform surgery, they can manage certain eye conditions and ensure patients receive timely and appropriate treatment when specialist care is required.

When to See an Optometrist

An optometrist is often the first professional to visit for routine eye care. They assess changes in vision, prescribe corrective lenses and detect early signs of eye conditions that may require further evaluation. You may consider seeing an optometrist if you:

• Need a routine eye examination or updated prescription for glasses or contact lenses
• Experience blurred vision, headaches or eyestrain from reading or screen use
• Want guidance on contact lens fitting and safe wear
• Are managing mild eye conditions such as dry eyes or conjunctivitis (depending on prescribing rights)
• Wish to monitor your eye health through regular check-ups

What Is an Ophthalmologist?

An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who specialises in eye and vision care. After completing medical school, they undergo residency training in ophthalmology and may pursue further subspecialty training in areas such as glaucoma, corneal disease, retinal disorders or paediatric eye conditions.

In Singapore, ophthalmologists are registered medical specialists under the Singapore Medical Council. Their expertise spans the diagnosis, medical treatment and surgical management of eye diseases. In addition to prescribing glasses and medications, they perform a wide range of procedures, from cataract surgery to corneal transplants and laser treatments. This combination of medical and surgical training allows ophthalmologists to provide comprehensive care for both common and complex eye conditions.

When to See an Ophthalmologist

Ophthalmologists provide specialised care and long-term management for eye diseases, especially those related to conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure. You should consider seeing an ophthalmologist if you:

• Experience sudden vision loss, eye pain or visual disturbances such as flashes of light or floaters
• Have a family history of glaucoma, retinal disorders or other serious eye diseases
• Require surgery for cataracts or other structural eye problems
• Are managing chronic eye conditions like diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration
• Need treatment after eye injury or trauma
• Have been referred by an optometrist or general practitioner for further evaluation or complex care

Key Differences at a Glance

While both optometrists and ophthalmologists are essential in maintaining healthy vision, their training and scope of care differ significantly. Optometrists focus on examining the eyes, detecting vision changes and prescribing corrective lenses, while ophthalmologists are medical doctors who diagnose, treat and perform surgery for eye diseases.

Optometrists provide primary eye care and manage common conditions such as myopia or dry eyes, whereas ophthalmologists handle more complex cases involving medical or surgical intervention. Both professionals often work together to ensure that patients receive the right level of care at the right time.

Knowing how these two roles complement each other helps you decide where to start when it comes to your own eye care.

Vision Care in Singapore: Who Should You See?

Patients can choose to visit either an optometrist or an ophthalmologist, depending on their needs. Many people start with an optometrist for routine eye checks, while others prefer to consult an ophthalmologist directly for a more detailed assessment or when specific concerns arise. Both options are appropriate and often complement each other as part of ongoing eye care.

Optometrists and ophthalmologists frequently collaborate to ensure continuity of care. If an optometrist identifies a condition that requires further evaluation, they may refer you to an ophthalmologist for specialist management. Ophthalmologists typically practise in specialist clinics, hospitals and eye centres, where they perform diagnostic tests, prescribe treatments and carry out surgical procedures when necessary. This shared approach allows patients to receive timely, coordinated and comprehensive support for their vision needs.

Common Eye Conditions and Who Manages Them

• Myopia (Nearsightedness): Optometrists usually manage myopia with glasses, contact lenses or myopia control strategies. When surgical correction or complication management is required, patients are referred to an ophthalmologist.
• Cataracts: Both optometrists and ophthalmologists can detect cataracts during an eye examination. However, surgical removal and post-operative care are performed by ophthalmologists.
• Glaucoma: This condition is often first identified during routine eye screenings. Ophthalmologists oversee its long-term care, which may include medication, laser therapy or surgery.
• Age-related Macular Degeneration and Retinal Diseases: These conditions affect the retina and are typically diagnosed and treated by ophthalmologists, who provide specialised medical or surgical care to help preserve vision.

Understanding Your Options for Better Eye Health

Both optometrists and ophthalmologists play vital roles in protecting your vision and overall eye health. Optometrists often handle routine eye checks and vision correction, while ophthalmologists provide both medical and surgical expertise for a full spectrum of eye conditions. Many patients choose to consult an ophthalmologist directly for a comprehensive assessment and peace of mind.

If you notice any changes or discomfort in your eyes, we encourage you to schedule a consultation with our eye specialist, Dr Steve Seah for a thorough assessment and personalised care. Whether you need a routine check-up or specialised treatment, our clinic is here to support your eye health at every stage.